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Advertisement; Is It Good or Bad?



            Advertisement is a commercial broadcast information of the availability of services,  products and ideas that can be benefited by the society with or without retaining to the pertinent broadcasting institution. Based on BuzzCity research, Indonesia’s Internet user has rapidly increased in the amount of 31 % from fourth quarter of 2010 to first quarter of 2011. Indonesia took up the second position of mobile advertisements. Hence, Indonesia is one of potential nation in which producers can promote their products through advertisements. A partner in the advertising firm Chuck Blore & Don Ruchman, Inc., Chuck Blore, stated that advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it (Bagdikian, 2000). Producers gratify their desire by marketing their products throughout creative advertisements aiming to attract people to buy their products. It is not impossible that they promote their products not in honest way. Thus, advertising is not a paramount importance in marketing strategy.

            Some opponents may plead that advertising has a substantial role in marketing products. They think that advertisements can help them in getting amount of customers. As long as the customers are fascinated in a particular product, they will utilize that product in long time. It impacts on the products sale and income the producer gets. However, increasing the quality of the products is more important than promote the products via advertisement. Moreover, some may argue that advertisement  shows the products superiority. Through advertisement, producers persuade customer that their products are the best. Nevertheless, this confidence cannot go further; this may lead to public falsehood. To summarize the ideas above, advertisement is harmful.

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Free Fee-Paying Education

            Free fee-paying education has been debated for years. Pros have a base that by freeing tuition fee, all of elements of society are able to have a good education. It means that no more poor people cannot go to school because of lack of fund. On the other hand, cons believe that best education needs more finances. They think best education needs best medium means more finances. I personally think that the government should free the tuition fees from kindergarten to higher education.
            Each country has its own regulation of education. Indonesia has a noble aim as it is stated in the preamble of the constitution; to educate the life of the people. Young, old, male, female, all of people need education. In addition, Indonesian Constitution regulates many things related to the country, one of them is education. As in the second verse of article 31, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, stated that every citizen has the obligation to undertake basic education and the government has the obligation to fund this. Government has been estimating 20.2 % of APBN for education in 2012. That is a minimal amount of estimation of educational fund. For that reason, government should increase the amount of educational fund in APBN.

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Pidato Kiai Hasyim yang Menghebohkan

            Awal Juni 2012, beredar teks pidato Rais Syuriah PBNU KH. A. Hasyim Muzadi di beberapa media online. Sebagian media lantas memuat berita beredarnya pidato itu dengan judul “Inilah Pidato KH. Hasyim yang Menghebohkan Itu”.
         Saat dikonfirmasi oleh wartawan, mantan Ketua Umum PBNU dua periode itu membenarkan isi pidato yang tersebar. Statemen itu diungkapkannya saat menghadiri diskusi Peran Tokoh Islam dalam Perumusan Pancasila di gedung PP Muhammadiyah di Jakarta Pusat, pada Jum’at (1/6) malam. Kegiatan ini dihadiri sejumlah tokoh seperti Amien Rais dan Jimly Asshiddiqie.
            Secara umum, isi pidato Kiai Hasyim adalah respon atas tuduhan negara-negara anggota PBB yang menurut mereka, warga Indonesia kian menunjukkan sikap intoleransi beragama sehingga banyak terjadi kasus kekerasan. Karena itu, Indonesia didesak peserta sidang Dewan HAM PBB melalui mekanisme UPR (Universal Periodic Review) di Jenewa, Swiss, pada akhir Mei lalu, untuk memperhatikan dengan serius isu intoleransi beragama yang ada di Indonesia. Dalam sidang tersebut, Indonesia dievaluasi oleh nyaris 40% negara anggota atau sebanyak 74 negara di sesi ke-13. Menurut mereka, intoleransi di Indonesia harus menjadi perhatian serius.
            Selain itu, RI juga didorong untuk meratifikasi konvensi ILO (International Labor Organization) untuk Pekerja Rumah Tangga 189 dan segera mengambil kebijakan untuk menangani masalah Papua. Maka di depan Dewan HAM PBB, pemerintah Indonesia yang diwakili oleh Menteri Luar Negeri Marty Natalegawa berjanji akan meletakkan persoalan kebebasan beragama sebagai prioritas kerja pemerintah Indonesia.
            Di tengah desakan negara-negara itulah Kiai Hasyim Muzadi yang juga Presiden WCRP (World Conference on Religions for Peace) dan Sekjen ICIS (International Conference for Islamic Scholars)memberikan jawaban atas tuduhan itu. Berikut isinya:

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The Order of Illuminati

           Illuminati berasal dari nama yang diberikan oleh para rahib gereja Nicene. Awalnya kepada mereka yang berserah diri untuk dibaptis menjadi Kristen. Illuminati adalah mereka yang menerima cahaya atau pencerahan. Menerima petunjuk tatkala dibaptis ke dalam iman Katolik. Illuminati merupakan sebuah sekte mistik gereja Katolik pada awal abad ke-16. Sekte mistik tersebut disusupi oleh anasir Qabala yang tengah dikejar-kejar oleh gereja di masa Inkuisisi Spanyol. Gereja Katolik beranggapan kepercayaan tersebut sebagai bid’ah dan mereka tetap menjadi sasaran Inkuisisi.
Kurang lebih seabad lamanya kaum Illuminati Yahudi tidak terdengar gaungnya. Mereka bergerak dengan sangat rahasia. Tahun 1771 nama Illuminati muncul kembali, sebagai sebuah organisasi yang didirikan Adam Weishaupt di Inglostadt, Bavaria. Tentang Adam Weishaupt bisa dilihat di Wikipedia atau banyak link penjelas lainnya. Pada tahun 1771, Adam Weishaupt memutuskan untuk membentuk sebuah masyarakat rahasia. Misi ordo Qabala putih kuno adalah mengubah arah peradaban umat manusia.
Qabala diambil dari kata Ibrani: Qibil yang berarti menerima. Maknanya menerima doktrin okultisme (ilmu sihir) rahasia. Qabala ‘tetep’ merupakan kepercayaan Yahudi yang sangat rahasia, ajarannya hanya diketahui oleh anggotanya. Pendeta tinggi Qabala memutuskan tradisi okultisme kuno untuk direkam secara tertulis ke atas papyrus berupa gulungan (scroll). Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu upaya agar ajaran itu dapat diwariskan kepada generasi Yahudi berikutnya. Qabala dihimpun dari berbagai tradisi lisan ke dalam bebrapa gulungan kemudian dijilid kedalam sebuah kitab yang utuh. Tugas tersebut di emban oleh rabbi (guru) [baca: pemuka agama Yahudi].
Qabala menjadi dua jilid: Sefer Yetzerah dan Sefer  Zohar. Berbicara tentang genesis dan keagungan. Kemudian di Eropa muncul kitab ajaran Qabala yang baru bernama Sefer Bahir atau biasa disebut dengan kitab cahaya. Ketiga kitab itu semuanya tertulis dalam bahasa Ibrani yang kemudian diterjemahkan dalam berbagai bahasa Eropa.
Yahudi Qabalis menyatakan permusuhan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Maha Pencipta Alam Semesta. Iblis atau Lucifer diperlakukan dengan tidak adil dan ia adalah satu-satunya Tuhan yang patut disembah. Iblis adalah Tuhan mereka. Iblis atau khususnya Setan (bahasa Semit; termasuk bahasa Arab) berarti pemberontak. Qabalis tidak menyebutnya dengan nama Iblis melainkan menyebutnya dengan nama Lucifer (pembawa sinar cahaya). Penggunaan kata iblis mereka anggap sebgai penghujatan kepada tuhan mereka.

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Indian Education By Sharmen Alexie Analysis

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of Choosing the Topics
Literature is imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value; literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity (Rebecca West). Much has been written about literature, Jonee Jr. (1969: 1), for instance, stated that literature includes all written material divided into two different groups. Literature of knowledge functions in teaching and learning process, as scientific articles, dictionaries, directories, school textbooks, history books, etc. Another group is literature of power functioning in movement as short stories, novels, poems, plays, magazines, etc. Short story is one of literary works which has both intrinsic and extrinsic unsure. This paper focuses on intrinsic unsure, specifically on character and characterization of the story. Due to the illustration above, the writer conducts an analysis on Indian Education by Sherman Alexie.
Sherman Joseph Alexie, Jr. (born October 7, 1966) is a poet, writer, filmmaker, and occasionally comedian. He lives in Seattle, Washington. He tends to irreverence and provocation. It is often playful and ironic; it can be both poignant and humorous (Diyanni, 2004). The story of the school years of a boy on an Indian Reservation, from the first grade to post graduation and the cruelty his deals with both from students and teachers, during this time period.
1.2. Objective of the Study
The primary objective of this analysis is to reveals the character and characterization in the short story titled Indian Education. The objectives of this study are to dig out the more information about character and characterization through literary work of Sherman Alexie.
1.3. Statement of Problem
Based on the previous background of the choosing the topic, the statement of problem can be formulated as follows:
1. What category do the characters belong to?
2. What is the characterization used in characterizing the characters?

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